The Coastal Construction Manual course addresses this topic.
Per TB-4 (3.2), elevator shafts must resist flood loads. In Zone A, shafts are not required to have flood openings; in Zone V and Coastal A Zones, shafts are not required to have breakaway walls. In addition, (6.1) to minimize flood damage, elevator shafts/enclosures must be designed to resist hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, and debris impact forces, as well as erosion, scour, and waves, particularly in Zone V. To reduce exposure of elevators to flood loads, a common practice is to construct reinforced masonry block or reinforced concrete elevator shafts and locate them on the landward side of buildings in coastal areas and on the downstream side of buildings in riverine floodplains. Furthermore, designs for nearby or adjacent structural elements of the building should take into account the impacts of obstructed flow.